Essay on The Effects of Peter Seeger Songs - 1533 Words

Peter Seeger, also known as Pete Seeger, - an individual, who was a musician, an author, and an activist, has helped change history by writing and singing songs, participating in anti-war marches, and fighting for the nation in battle. Pete wrote and sang folk songs that related to everyday life stories. His childhood was very cold and kept him very lonely. He later dropped out of Harvard and wanted to be an observer for all public affairs. He supported himself by painting farmhouses, playing his banjo, becoming a porter and singing folk songs in a bar. The 1930s through the 1970s, was a period of economic struggle, government reform, warfare and environmental reform. Seeger’s folk songs encouraged and involved the people of the United†¦show more content†¦In late 1937, Roosevelt agreed to lessen the federal deficit spending to equal the budget, which would trigger a steep recession and a surge in unemployment. World War II had erupted in Europe in 1939. The D-Day landing marked the beginning of the allied invasion of Europe to defeat Germany in World War II. The Japanese attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. This attack gave the United States no choice but to draw themselves into war with Japan. The Grand Alliance united the United States, Britain, and Soviets against Germany and Japan in 1942. In the same year, Hitler, German dictator, had sanctioned the mass extermination of â€Å"undesirables†, later known as the Holocaust.5 Among the undesirables were Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, Poles and Soviet POWs.6 While the men were off to war, the women were taking over the jobs that the men had before they went off into war. Unemployment went down as the factory production increased. Women got lesser pay then men for similar work. Working women were told to keep their focus on the home and prepare to resume their lives as homemakers and mothers when the war ended. From an observer of the labor movement, Seeger became an active participant of the labor movement.7 He also became the director of the People Song organization. Many Japanese Americans, especially from Hawaii and the California coast were being put in concentration camps because of the Japanese attack on America.Show MoreRelatedProtest Songs And Its Effect On Social Change1075 Words   |  5 Pagessocial change is through protest songs. Most songwriters agree that protest songs are written because circumstances demand engagement and things can no longer be left unsaid (Haslam). Protest songs have been prominent for centuries in the United States, but one decade that they are closely associated with is the 1960s. This was a time when America was faced with much controversy and division. The protest music performed by folk artist and social activist Peter Seeger empowered oppressed individualsRead More Black Music and the Civil Rights Movement Essay3856 Words   |  16 Page sseem to feel that happy songs are happy and sad songs are sad, and that, God help us, is exactly the way most white Americans can sing them† (311). Baldwin uses this statement to describe the differences in how whites and blacks view music. A white person sees music merely as a form of entertainment and the tone of the song should be taken literally. 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I would also like to send a particular thank you to Gerd, Karin, and Kristina, past and present members of the administrative staff

Adversity s Impact On Character - 860 Words

Adversity’s Impact on Character Horace asserts the notion with the use of his quote that challenges in life open people up to finding positive characteristics they could not find otherwise. He says these characteristics â€Å"lay dormant† within those who do not face adversity as if they were flowers waiting for their time to blossom in the cold sterile winter time. Characteristics such as leadership, resourcefulness, courage, and empathy bud from hardship and pain and bloom to their full capacity from adversity. An example of the self-made man rising from the ashes and bursting forth as a powerful and courageous phoenix is the popular Greek myth of Hephaestus the god of blacksmiths and sculptors. Hephaestus was casted away by his father Zeus because he was born weak and crippled. He was sent to a small Grecian island to wither away. From his hardship and near death experience Hephaestus grew sturdy and courageous. He became a black smith for the Gods because of his great work ethic and newly found strength. He forced acknowledgment from Zeus who left him to die and ended up becoming one of the twelve leaders of Olympus. Adversity causes a shift in work ethic and cause goals that people who were not challenged would never cease. These challenges push one to be better then what is expected causing them to develop talents like courage and resourcefulness just like Hephaestus. Nelson Mandela’s unequivocal leadership as the first black president of South Africa sproutedShow MoreRelatedRole Adversity Plays in Shaping Identity1479 Words   |  6 PagesRole adversity plays in shaping an individual’s identity Discuss the idea(s) developed by the text creator in your chosen text about the role adversity plays in shaping an individual’s identity. A man is insensible to appreciate prosperity until he has tasted adversity. Adverse situations shape an individual’s identity and play a significant role in one’s life by shaping personal values, determining one’s own potential and self worth. Khaled Hosseini conveys how hardships shape individualsRead MoreFriendship and Overcoming Adversity1200 Words   |  5 PagesFriendship and Overcoming Adversity Story: â€Å"Of Mice and Men† by John Steinbeck ( a story about the hardships of two diverse men and their friendship) Literary Text: â€Å"Finding Nemo† by Andrew Stanton Introductory Claim: Of Mice and Men- Both â€Å"Of Mice and Men† and â€Å" Finding Nemo† both display an example of friendship and overcoming adversity within the novel and movie. Body 1: Of Mice and Men- Claim: Steinbeck displays the ideal of friendship and overcoming adversity within his novel through theRead MorePersonal Statement On Physical Therapy1112 Words   |  5 Pagesvaluable experience assisting with activities at Riverside Lodge Retirement Home, such as helping to decorate pumpkins during Halloween. I have also volunteered at Primrose Retirement Home visiting with the elderly and I have volunteered at the Veteran s Home in the occupational therapy department helping to paint sculptures and visiting with the veteran’s, and working with residents in the woodwork department. I have also volunteered at the Giggles Day Care Center helping students improve their readingRead MoreThe Role Of Models For A Person s Life1443 Words   |  6 Pagesin your life is your family. To be more specific almost every child s first role models are their parents. The majority of young boys want to be big and strong, just like their father, and most young girls aspire to be just like the ir beautiful mother. To quote W.E.B Dubois, â€Å"Children learn more from what you are than what you teach†. One of the basic traits of being a good role model is to lead by example. Whether a parent s example they are setting for the child is a positive one or not, it willRead MoreOvercoming Adversity With Early Development1512 Words   |  7 PagesMy thesis is that overcoming adversity begins with early development and enables people to cope with everyday stresses. Whether there is something such as stressing for a midterm or the aftermath of a traumatic experience, it is important to remain calm, stay strong, keep a positive mindset, and get help from people whom you have developed a strong relationship with. People often find comfort in other people and by developing those compassionate connections from a young age, it will help an individualRead MoreAnalysis Of Cat On A Hot Tin Roof 1349 Words   |  6 Pagesover whether you won or lost, and now that you’ve lo st the game, not lost but just quit playing, you have that sort of charm that usually only happens in very old or hopelessly sick people, the charm of the defeated† (30). In this quote, Maggie, a character in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, is expressing to her husband Brick how he surrounds his life with a defeated aura. This defeated aura restricts him from overcoming his struggles and blinds him from seeing the future. He holds onto to several crutches,Read MoreThe Importance Of Reading And Writing Skills1068 Words   |  5 PagesEach person s life is revolved around developing reading and writing skills, which can include writing information on job applications, understanding laws, and reading road signs. 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They all had a different role to play. The main female character types were the avenger, the sufferer, and the mother figure. The strongest woman portrayed in

Homeless Children In America Essay Example For Students

Homeless Children In America Essay Justin Siersma A29851780 SW 200 4/21/2005 Homeless Children In America Essay To be homeless is to not have a home or a permanent place of residence. Nationwide, there is estimated to be 3.5 million people that are homeless, and roughly 1.35 million of them are children. It is shown that homeless rates, which are the number of sheltered beds in a city divided by the cities population, have tripled since the 1980s (National Coalition for Homeless, 2002). Homeless children are up to three times more susceptible to health problems than those of normal children. Acute disorders, such as lice infestations, to major health risks such as nutritional deficiencies and upper respiratory infections are five to ten times more likely to develop while being a homeless child. When it comes to homeless youth, an amazing 14% of girls aged 13 to 15 were pregnant since being homeless (Kryder-Coe, 1991). Sexually transmitted diseases are also seven to eight times more likely to be contracted by homeless youth than normal youths. Alcohol and substance abuse, as well as severe psychotic disorders, are somewhat common in homeless children, but almost nonexistent among normal children. Child Welfare Services (CWS) major focus is on the safety and well being of a homeless child. Their goal is to help courts expedite permanent placement for children through programs such as the Court Improvement Program and the Foster Care Review Board Program. They also dea l with cases involving abused and neglected children, and have the authority to take children away from their parents if either of these two are proven. For many children, the lack of adequate housing is a major factor in their entry into the public child welfare system. Social work has a strong relationship with this problem of homeless children and the Child Welfare Services. CWS directly deals with homeless children, helping them stay in their own safe home if it is determined to be so, or helping place them in a relatives home or even foster care. Many social work organizations are geared to help children not only nationally, but worldwide as well. Amnesty International protects the rights and well

Judicial Administration of British India Uptill 1790 free essay sample

History comprises of the growth, evolution and development of the legal system in the country and sets forth the historical process whereby a legal system has come to be what it is over time. The legal system of a country at a given time is not the creation of one man or of one day but is the cumulative fruit of the endeavor, experience, thoughtful planning and patient labour of a large number of people through generations. With the coming of the British to India, the legal system of India changed from what it was in the Mughal period where mainly the Islamic law was followed. The legal system currently in India bears a very close resemblance to what the British left us with. As per the needs of the changing times changes and amendments were made, but the procedure which is followed not has its roots in the era of British-India. We will write a custom essay sample on Judicial Administration of British India Uptill 1790 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Little did the traders of the English East India Company while establishing their trade in India know that they would end up establishing their rule for about 200 years here. Medieval Period 1600-1726 The charter of 1600 established the English East India Company in India. s per the charter of 1661 the English and the Indians residing under the Company came under its jurisdiction. From the period ranging from 1661 till 1726, laws of equity and justice in conformity with the laws in England were followed. There was no codified law. In Calcutta, the judicial system was based on the Company’s authority as a zamindar. This continued till the charter of 1726 was passed. Before Madras attained the position of a Presidency in 1665 it had two courts namely, the Choultry Court and the Court of the Agent and Council. By the charter of 1668 the Company was conferred powers to make laws for the island of Bombay. From this period till the passing of the Charter of 1726, there were civil and criminal courts in these presidencies. In madras, there was the choultry court, the mayor’s court and the admiralty court as well. On the other hand, in Bombay till 1726 judicial systems were not stable and kept changing. Earlier there were courts like the Court of Judicature (1672) which dealt with civil and criminal cases and matters of probates and testaments, and a Court of Conscience to decide petty cases. There was a system of appeals as well. In madras the appeals from the Mayor’s Court were filed to the Governor and Council. On the other hand, Bombay had Deputy-Governor and Council as its appellate Court. In Bombay this system elapsed due to lack of independence of the judiciary. In the following judicial system of Bombay an admiralty court was established with a Judge-Advocate as its head. This court apart from its existing powers enjoyed civil and criminal jurisdiction. Later a court of Judicature was established under this system after which the Admiralty Court lost its ground. The Admiralty court in Madras also became irregular by this time. Another system came about in 1718 in Bombay and this gave representation to the Indians as well by appointing 4 Indian Judges, known as Black Justices, in the Court. A parallel system of judiciary was running in the mofussil areas. The Company attained the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa in 1765. As per the plan of 1772 under Warren Hastings, the Courts of Original Jurisdiction were Mofussil Faujdari Adalat, the court of criminal jurisdiction; Mofussil Diwani Adalat, the court of civil jurisdiction and Small Cause Adalat. Under the Appellate Courts we had Sadar Nizami Adalat, the criminal court of appeals; Sadar Diwani Adalat, civil court of appeals. The Collectors started monopolizing the trade in the districts putting the end to this system and giving rise to a new plan of 1774 The Company’s financial break-down was the immediate cause for the enforcement of the Regulating Act of 1773. Section 13 of the Act provided for the establishment of a Supreme Court at Calcutta. The court, also a court of record with the power to punish for its contempt, had civil, equity, criminal, ecclesiastical and admiralty jurisdiction. Appeals against decisions of this Court and through the Court could be filed in all civil and criminal cases respectively before the King-in-Council. The establishment of this Court was a welcome as it was the first British Court in India consisting of lawyers, its jurisdiction was so wise that it covered all kinds of legal wrongs and that since all British subject came under its jurisdiction it ensured rule of law. . The Governor –General Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793) introduced changes in the judicial system in 1787, 1790, and 1793. He had thoroughly reorganized the civil and criminal judicial system in India in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. He for the first time introduced the principle of administration according to law. In 1787 he merged the revenue collection and power to try the revenue disputes in the same hands of the magistrate who formed the Mal Adalat. Appeals from the Mal Adalat had to go to the Governor General. 1. The Choultry Courts:- The Charters dated 31st December, 1600, 31st May 1609 and 4th February, 1622 granted powers to the East India Company to Chastise and correct all English persons committing any misdemeanour in the East Indias. As a result, the Choultry Court was formed from 1622 onwards. The Choultry Courts tried petty cases, Civil or Criminal. They remitted important cases, where English Subjects were involved, to England, while they persuaded the local Naik or the adigar (adhikari or elder of the village) to deal with cases in which Indians were the parties. The Governer sat at the town house or the Choultry hence it was termed as choultry court. These courts were the courts of petty causes, custom house and a registration centre for sale of property and liscensing of the slaves. The presiding officer was known as the chief justice of the choultry. The jurisdiction of the Choultry Court was fixed at fifty Pagodas. The Presidency Officer of the old Choultry Court was called as the Chief Justice of the Choultry. The charter of 1661 resulted in the loss of significance of these courts as the crown empowered the Governor to hear the disputes of English as well as the natives living in the settlements. To meet the insufficiency of the Choultry Court, Streynsham Master in March, 1678, established the First Court of Judicature in Madras. To try the case of Ascentia Dawes madras was turned into a presidency that resulted in the formation of Court of judicature. Causes were decided according to the Laws of England. After 1678, the Justices of the Choultry, act as the Court of Execution, because Constables were attached to the Choultry Court. 2:-The court of judicature in madras 1678:- In March, 1678, the Governor and council of Madras created a High Court of Judicature and resolved to decide all civil and criminal cases with the help of a jury of 12 men. The Choultry Court was reorganized as it was to consist of Company’s servants and was to sit two days a week to try small misdemeanors, matters of peace, civil actions, upto 50 pagods. 0 All other cases and appeals lay to the High Court of judicature. Thus, a hierarchy of courts was established in Madras. The company was, in the meanwhile, put to a great loss by independent merchants indulging in trade against the monopoly of the Company granted to it in the Charter of 1600. Moreover, the crime of piracy was also rampant on the high seas. Consequently on August 9, 1683, Charles II granted a Charter to the Company authorizing it to establish one or more such courts. The court was to consist of a person ‘learned in civil law’ and two merchants appointed by the Company. It had jurisdiction to hear all mercantile cases committed on the high seas. 3:-Admirality courts of Madras and Bombay:- In 1687, the Company sent from England Sir John Biggs, a professional lawyer to act as the judge – advocate. Thereafter, the Governor and the council relinquished their judicial functions. They however, sat occasionally to decide cases of fugitives. The Admiralty Court became the general court in Madras. Sir Biggs died in 1689 and the Governor and the council appointed the Governor and the judge- advocate with two members of the council as the judges of the Admiralty Court. In 1692, a new judge-advocate John Dolben, was sent from England, but he was dismissed in 1694 on corruption charges. The next judge-advocate was a civil servant Mr. William Fraser. In Bombay an Admiralty Court was established in 1684 and Dr. John St. John, a professional lawyer, was sent from England. Relations between Dr. John and Governor Child worsened and the later took the powers from the former to try ordinary civil and criminal cases. The Governor established another court to try civil and criminal cases headed by Vaux, who was not legally trained. Dr. John was dismissed by the Governor in 1687 for his judicial independence. It is because of this episode that the Company was very reluctant to bring professional lawyers from England although it was provided in the Charters. John Grey was appointed the Judge of the admirality court of Madras. The court sat quarterly in sessions and its jurisdiction was wide including civil, criminal, maritime and mercantile jurisdiction. It is noticeable in Madras that the earlier all the powers of the executive were transferred to the admirality courts which were later restored or replaced by the Governor and his council gradually. Mayor’s courts in Madras and Bombay:- In 1688, the Company established the Madras Corporation and created a Mayor’s court as part of it. The court had one Mayor and 12 aldermen and was also called the Court of Record. A skilled lawyer had to be appointed as the Recorder. In the Madras Mayor’s Court the first Recorder was Sir John Biggs who was also judge- advocate in the Admiralty Court. The Mayor’s Court had jurisdiction in civil cases as well as criminal cases. In civil cases valuing over three pagodas, and in criminal cases when the offender was sentenced to lose life or limb appeals from the Mayor’s Court lay to the Admiralty Court. It is important to note that Sir John Biggs was a judge in both courts. The Mayor Court used jury in criminal cases. In 1712, the Governor and council in Madras decided that death sentences will be given to the natives only and not to an Englishman. The Admiralty Court did not set regularly after 1704 and appeals from Mayor’s court lay to the Governor and council. The Choultry Court was to try petty cases, civil cases of up to two pagodas. Thus, from 1686 to 1726, three courts functioned in Madras. They were the Choultry Court, the Mayor’s Court, and the Admiralty Court. Since justice under the early charters was exclusively administered by traders, it may well be called ‘traders’ justice. ’ At that time in England there they got London Corporation and they got London mayors court, as per the British Law that time Municipal corporations enjoyed the judicial powers also. Company issued the charter and started Madras Corporation utilizing the powers given by British Crown. In the year 1687 company established Madras Corporation and Mayors Court was the part of this corporation. In the year 1686 Madras government levied a house tax on the Madras city population to repair the city wall, but people of Madras, local people did not pay the tax and company faced problems and difficulties to collect the tax. After this company decided that to make the tax collection easy, a body should be formed consisting of English men as well as local Indian population so it will become easy for the Company officials to collect the tax. The corporation came into existence on September, 29, 1968 which consisted of a Mayor, 12 Aldermen and from 60 to 120 Burgesses. It was decided that every year new Mayor will be elected from Aldermen by aldermen and burgesses and retiring Mayor can be reelected by them. The aldermen and Burgesses got the power to remove the Mayor if he is unable to perform his duties. Only Englishman can become the Mayor . The Aldermen hold the office as long as they stayed in Madras city. Indirectly they hold the office for lifelong. Mayor and Burgesses hold the power to remove the Aldermen from office also if he did not perform well. Among the Aldermen minimum 3 were required to be British servants of the company and other 9 can belong to any nationality or religion. The first 12 Aldermen were as follows – Englishmen – 3 Hindus – 3 Frenchman – 1 Portuguese – 2 Jews and Armenians – 3 The charter appointed 29 Burgesses and then remaining Burgesses were appointed by the Mayor and Aldermen. Among the first 60 Burgesses, the caste heads were selected as the Burgesses. This was the nature of First Corporation. The Mayor and the 3 senior Aldermen were to be the Justices of the peace. The Mayor and Aldermen were to form a Court of record which was authorized to try civil as well as criminal cases. This court was known as Mayors Court. The Mayors court was authorized to give following punishments. Fine, amercement, imprisonment and corporal punishment. The convicted persons got right to file appeal at the Admiralty court. As Mayor and Aldermen did not have legal knowledge the provision was made for the appointment of the Recorder of the court. He helped the Mayor regarding the cases and he also got the power to vote just like Aldermen. The recorder of the court was required to be skillful in the law as well as the servant of the company. The charter appointed the Judge Advocate Sir Biggs as the first Recorder. Only in the year 1712 the court got power to give death sentence to native people. The Mayor Court did not follow uniform punishment for the same crime it depend on the judges discretion for this the reason was that the Mayor and his team did not have any legal knowledge. Sir Biggs got the experience of working as a recorder in the London but here in Madras the problem was that Sir Biggs sat in the Admiralty Court as Judge Advocate where appeals from the Mayors Court were went. But company ignored this fact. After the death of Sir Biggs no Recorder was appointed. Like this in the period of 1686 to 1726 in Madras city 3 Courts functioned. Mayors Court, Choultry Court and Admiralty Court. After 1704, Governor and Council heard the appeals from the Mayors court as Admiralty court stop to function. In this period also the criminals were so long kept in jails that even people forgot the crimes. Justice system was very slow and no one bothered. The capital punishment was given by Hanging. Robbery was punished with Death. Witchcraft was punished with fine and pillory. Mayors court( 1726) or the court of judicature of Bombay Bombay remained under the Mughal occupation from 1690 to 1718.